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Statue of Aphrodite

Statue of Aphrodite
© BA Antiquities Museum/M. Aly

Statue of Aphrodite

Category:
Sculpture in the round, statues, human / gods and goddesses statues
Date:
Graeco-Roman Period, Roman Period, 2nd cent. CE
Provenance:
Lower Egypt, Alexandria, El-Mehamara (Sidi Bishr)
Material(s):
Rock, marble
Height:
103 cm
This artifact was temporarily displayed at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina Antiquities Museum from 2006 until it was returned to the Graeco-Roman Museum in Alexandria on 16 August 2022.


Description

Aphrodite stands nude, based on her right leg, lifting her left foot, and bending with her torso a little to take off her sandal with her right hand while trying to conceal the details of her body, not out of modesty but to attract attention to the parts she covers with her hand. The winged Eros stands over a vessel covered with Aphrodite’s drapery, looking at the goddess and holding up his left arm to hold her arm, while placing his left palm on her breast. Aphrodite’s body is agile and proportional, while the features of the face are perfect and expressionless. The irises of the eyes are definite, and the hair is split from the middle, slightly wavy, in thick locks pulled back in a bun, from which two big tresses hang on the shoulders. This hairdo is similar to that of Faustina Minor, and accordingly, the statue dates back to 138–161 CE, which is the first half of the Antoninus Period. Aphrodite has a diadem on her head and serpentine bracelets on her upper arms.
The remains of small feet appear on the base of the statue in front of Aphrodite. They are believed to belong to another bigger Eros. This statue could be a Roman replica of the original Greek statue, as it was usual to depict more than one Eros in one formation during the Roman Period, or it could be the feet remains of the God Priapos, as they resemble in size the feet of dwarfs.

Statues of Aphrodite

Aphrodite was one of the most prominent Greek gods in art because of her presence in many legends, for she was the goddess of beauty, reproduction and fertility. Depiction of Aphrodite started in the Archaic Period and acquired beauty in the Classical Period. However, her most famous statue remains “Aphrodite of Cnidus”, sculptured by Praxiteles in mid 4th century BCE, who depicted her nude as she prepared for her ritual bath. The destiny of this statue remains unknown. We only have copies of the original that have been sculpted in later times.
In the Hellenistic Period, artists chose to depict Aphrodite while nude in large numbers and using different materials. They invented many forms of Aphrodite under the theme of bathing, in addition to a statue of her kneeling to take off her sandal in preparation for bathing (like this statue). This pattern remained prevalent during the Roman Period.


The information given here is subject to modification/update as a result of ongoing research.

References
  • M. Bieber, The Sculpture of the Hellenistic Age (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1961).
  • Kathleen N. Daly, Greek and Roman Mythology A to Z, revised by Marian Rengel, Mythology A-Z (New York, NY: Facts on File, 2004).
  • Fekri Hassan et al., eds., Alexandria Graeco-Roman Museum: A Thematic Guide (Cairo: National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage; The Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002): 112-113.
  • Patrizio Pensabene and Eleonora Gasparini, “The Trade in Small-Size Statues in the Roman Mediterranean: A Case Study from Alexandria”, in ASMOSIA X: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference of ASMOSIA (Association for the Study of Marble & Other Stones in Antiquity) Rome, 21-26 May 2012: Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone (Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2015): 101-108.
  • Salomon Reinach, Répertoire de la statuaire grecque et romaine, vol. 1, Clarac de poche (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1897).
  • Salomon Reinach, Répertoire de la statuaire grecque et romaine, vol. 2, Six mille statues antiques (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1897.
  • منى حجاج، أساطير الإغريق: ابتداع وإبداع (الإسكندرية: الرواد، 2007).1981.
  • عزيزة سعيد محمود، تأملات في ڤينوس سيدي بشر بالمتحف اليوناني الروماني بالإسكندرية (الإسكندرية: جامعة الإسكندرية، ۱٩٨۱).
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